Religious Themes in Oryx and Crake Essay -- World Literature Religion

Strict Themes in Oryx and Crake It is in these portrayals of Snowman that I trust Atwood is offering a complete expression with regards to whether God made man or whether man makes God. Without a doubt Atwood is recommending that man unavoidably, in spite of himself, makes God, with or without outside help. It appears that all through the novel there is an all-inclusive representation of Snowman as different figures from the Christian book of scriptures. The main figure that Snowman can be said to speak to is that of Adam, the principal man, however the similitudes between the two characters don't follow a similar order. Similarly as Adam is given the creatures as allies to investigate, comparably Crake has guaranteed that the Crakers and Jimmy are both left in the recently re-made world as sidekicks. Another solid similarity and statement with a double meaning can be seen in the Christian story of unique sin and Crake's mass decimation of mankind. In Genesis, God puts aside one natural product tree and orders Adam not to contact or eat from it, because of Adam's disloyalty, God throws him out of heaven, and powers difficulty on him for the remainder of his life. Moreover, Jimmy is completely discerning the first occasion when he meets Oryx that she is untouchable to him, yet his treachery of Crake at last outcomes in his leaving Paradice and powers different difficulties on him. In conclusion, in the Snowman-as-Adam gadget, there is an acknowledgment that the buddies which have been doled out by a higher force are inadequate, and the accompanying urgent requirement for buddies that are nearer on the transformative chain. For Adam, this partner was Eve. All through Atwood's epic Snowman is totally frantic for some friend, somebody more understanding than the Crakers, or better tha n his ow... ...t this prompts a fairly fascinating discussion: regardless of whether the Crakers would have in the long run made religion or at any rate craftsmanship themselves, paying little mind to Snowman's obstruction. I accept that Atwood is remarking on the way that it is man's tendency to be existential, to ponder where he originated from, and who made creation, and that it is normal to develop potential responses to these inquiries when none are obvious. For instance, as Snowman returns after his raid once more into the Compound he finds that the Crakers have made an icon of him and are reciting his name in a manner which seems like 'So be it', next they'd create symbols, and memorial services, and grave merchandise, and life following death, and sin...(361). Whichever way you take a gander at Snowman, as a strict patriarch or a portrayal of the scriptural snake, he is as yet defiling the Crakers with his bogus authoritative opinion.

Project Methodology Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about the Project Methodology and Role. Answer: Definition: A task philosophy is the assortment of practices, systems, methods, and rules utilized by the specialists while taking a shot at the order. Undertaking director utilizes techniques for giving structure and the system to the conveyed extends by utilizing standards, structure, topics, norms, and procedures (Obrutsky, 2016). Job of venture procedure: The target of the venture technique is to structure an advancement procedure which is sensible, adaptable, exhaustive, and available. Theproject the executives procedure fills in as an advantage for the venture director for assessing the undertaking objective and expectations (Karaman Kurt, 2015). The approach is the medium which gives a typical stage to correspondence and introduction of the undertaking. It helps in empowering the arranging procedure for beginning the work. The ventures can be effectively overseen by utilizing pre-decided measurements and detailing devices. The various leveled structure ofproject the executives is appeared in the figure underneath: Kinds of procedures: Customary methodology: Theproject the executives procedure incorporates a progression of steps which incorporates inception, arranging, execution, controlling, testing and approval, and usage. It is otherwise called cascade approach. PMBOK direct: Project the board assemblage of information fills in as a methodological methodology for usage of various advances remembered for the progression of procedure model, for example, arranging, execution, control, and end of the task (Fitsilis, 2014). Prince2: Prince2 represents venture in controlled condition which is utilized for process driven techniques and the methodologies applied in the private segment. Nimble technique: It is the procedure which follows adaptability, building procedure, and iterative plan for dealing with the task. The pre-arranging process is incorporated structure dealing with the changing necessity of the customer. SDLC: The SDLC is the procedure technique which deals with improving the quality, conveyance of the item, and the necessities of the item. The undertaking is overseen by prerequisites distinguishing proof, adjusting necessities of the partners, desires, and the dangers related with the partners. PMBOK and PRINCE2 are the favored strategies by venture chiefs. The two philosophies are like each other in regard of their ID of the necessity, support of the clients, improvement of group relationship, and incorporation of the partner. The emphasis is given on the quality administration and hazard recognizable proof in both the techniques (Ghosh, 2012). The table shows the contrast between the two philosophies in a word: Specifics Prince2 PMBOK Procedure Beginning of the undertaking Starting of the venture Heading given to the task Controlling the stages The executives of the item conveyance The executives of the state limit Conclusion of the venture Starting Arranging Starting Executing, controlling and observing Executing and arranging Arranging and shutting Shutting Standards Standards followed No standards followed Complete or down to earth It is reasonable in nature It is complete in nature Concentrate on Concentrate given on business case Concentrate given on clients Elements Incompletely incorporation with natural and authoritative elements Unequivocally joining with natural and hierarchical components (Vieira, 2014) Case The business case ought to be looked into intermittently Business case ought to be ceaselessly engaged Association Dynamic cooperation of partner and human asset Monetary, human asset, quality, and other administration includes Quality No association of value the executives Inclusion of value the board Plan Commencement of arranging process Degree, cost, and time the executives Hazard Distinguishing proof of the dangers The board of the dangers The board of incorporation Somewhat engaged Emphatically engaged Correspondence Somewhat engaged Emphatically engaged Acquirement Somewhat engaged Emphatically engaged Partner Somewhat interest Dynamic interest Task life cycle and picked techniques: There are seven procedures engaged with the prince2 system for finishing the venture life cycle. The task detail up includes the collection of the undertaking group for arranging of venture commencement. The starting of the task includes concentrating on the business case and the dangers related with it. The arrangement of approval includes in the coordinating the conclusion of the task. The stages are constrained by overseeing issues. The conveyance and upkeep of the item centers around the execution of the working bundle. The PMBOK deals with five procedures for finishing the task life cycle which are named as starting, arranging, executing, observing, and controlling and shutting. The information territories which are remembered for venture life cycle by utilizing PMBOK are mix, scope, quality, time, cost, human asset, dangers, obtainment, and partner. The accompanying figure shows the relationship of PRINCE2 and PMBOK with Project life cycle. End: The PMBOK is emphatically favored by the task director for dealing with the venture. The PMBOK fill in as a guide for arranging, sorting out, staffing, and other practical territories of undertaking the executives. References: Fitsilis, P. (2014).Comparing PMBOK and spry task the board programming advancement process. Recovered from https://www.academia.edu/2953419/Comparing_PMBOK_and_Agile_Project_Management_software_development_processes Ghosh, S. (2012).Enhance PMBOK by contrasting it and PRINCE2 and P2M guidelines. Recovered from https://pmkb.com.br/transfers/2013/08/95598999-Comparison-of-PM-Frameworks.pdf Karaman, E., Kurt, M. (2015). Correlation of undertaking the executives approachs: Prince 2 versus PMBOK for its project.International diary of applied science and designing examination. Recovered from https://www.ijaser.com/articles/vol4issue42015/vol4issue4/JASER4059.pdf Obrutsky, S. (2016).Comparison and differentiation of venture the executives approachs. Recovered from https://www.researchgate.net/distribution/305969672_Comparison_and_contrast_of_project_management_methodologies_PMBOK_and_SCRUM Vieira, D. (2014).Integrating PMBOK gauges, lean and nimble strategies in venture the executives exercises. Recovered from https://research.ijcaonline.org/volume88/number4/pxc3893680.pdf

That fear of falling behind

That fear of “falling behind” Class started today and before we know it, a lot of us on campus will be engulfed in the so-called MIT bubble. Which basically means, getting so into the hectic rhythm of classes, psets, extracurricular commitments, that soon its like, Oh yeah! The rest of the world! I forgot it existed! People live in houses! Dogs exist! Babies exist! Here, I am quoting fellow blogger Elizabeth.  Every time I see a baby on campus, its like Whoa, little creature, what are you. Anyways, besides just missing things outside the bubble, Im increasingly feeling like its also easy to get too-focused inside bubble. People who come to MIT are usually ambitious, have goals and dreams, and are willing to commit to making those dreams happen. For me, being an architect was not my childhood dream, or teenage dream. Ive just always loved art and design and cities, and in the last year of high school, somehow synthesized those likes into architecture and thought studying architecture @ MIT would be really cool. (And so far, it has been really cool.) But still, its like, Ive been trying so hard to do well in school, be productive in the summers and you know, keep moving towards that architect goal. But this summer, interning in China allowed me to really step back and re-evaluate what I want to do. And I finally understood the appeal of a semester or year off. Because once you get into the MIT momentum, it seems like theres only pushing forward. You dont want to ever feel like youre falling behind. And really, you cant afford to (with the default fear of not graduating on time, etc.) The fast-paced nature of MIT makes big changes an intimidating task. But being in China this summer was really inspiring in a way, because this was a country with soooo many people (still an understatement) in a wide variety of career fields. People are really practical but also literal in terms of their career choices. People who want to cook learn to be chefs, people who like to draw practice to be artists, people who want to make a lot of money go into the financial sector, people who care about research or want job stability go into academia and people who find out they dont like a field or said field is not faring so well change fields in a moments time. I guess thats basically the case everywhere, but it was just highly visible in the current Chinese culture where people are reconciling the pragmatic need to be employed with the newer, perhaps more modern/Western mindset that one can and even should follow his or her passions. Its not that my internship made me like architecture less. In fact, I actually really like and admire the process of designing and turning concepts into real constructed spaces where people can use.  But the fact that billions of lives in China were changing every second just reminded me how its never too late to be in charge of what you want to do. And that on the flip side of fearing falling behind is being constrained by the pressure of following a well-planned path that may or may not still be what you want. I picked Architecture before I came in to MIT, looked around, and liked it. I declared course 4 with no hesitation and was relieved that the decision came so easy (whereas my friends were having dilemmas with 7 or 10 or 20 or 15 …or 21 or 2? or some combination of those).  Im not even a senior yet, but at this half-way point, I would tell my freshman self to explore more and dont be rigid for convenience sake. Right now, Im enthusiastic about finishing my major in Architecture, minor in Management. But Im also looking into Comparative Media Studies. There are so many possibilities with all of those. I met with my advisor yesterday, and at some point he said, When the time comes, Ill tell you why its better to work before grad school. I think he by time he means registration day in the spring term. Meanwhile, its going to be a constant calibration process. P.S. Im not especially advocating a gap year or a semester off, but just that dont let the fear of falling behind keep you from stopping to explore other options. I honestly really love the entire design process, especially the design mentality of looking at things through different lenses and rehashing them until theyre just right. And its exactly this mentality I want to share with everyone.

Standing Tall With Self Respect - 1107 Words

Mihir Pandya Mrs. Christopher HHSE 1 period 3 4 November 2014 Standing Tall with Self-Respect â€Å"In matters of conscience, the law of the majority has no place.† (Mohandas Gandhi). In Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird, Atticus Finch exemplifies Gandhi’s quote when he opposes the antiquated values of his town and follows his own conscience. Atticus faced with an arduous case. He defends a Negro named Tom Robinson, who Bob Ewell, the â€Å"white trash† of the town, accuses for raping his daughter, Mayella Ewell. Even though it is oblivious to the people of Maycomb that it was Bob who beat his daughter when she meet with Robinson, the towns people also know that due to the fact of Robinson being black, he will be tried guilty. In the documentary, American Experience- Scotsboro: An American Tragedy, another lawyer, Samuel Leibowitz, is confronted with a similar conflict. He must defend nine boys who were faulty accused of raping two white women on a train ride. Regardless of the conspicuous evidence in defense of the boys, they are still sentenced to death by the all white jury. Despite this, Leibowitz continues to rightfully fight for them, and he eventually frees all of them from their death sentence. Similar to Leibowitz, Atticus moves past this racial barrier, and does his best to rightfully defend Robinson. Atticus must do this to continue to stand tall in society, which means he needs honor, which can only be maintained if he rightfully defends Robinson. Lee characterizesShow MoreRelatedHistory of Women in High-Heeled Shoes Essay1162 Words   |  5 Pages Standing Above the Rest â€Å"Give a girl the right shoes, and she can conquer the world.† - Marilyn Monroe. Women in high-heeled shoes can be traced back to the 1600’s, when women began to dress as men did in order to achieve a sense of equality. Today, heels are seen as a classy and polished form of everyday fashion. Why save heels for after 5 o’clock? The stiletto should be a requirement for women who want to be successful in the workplace. It adds to your posture, to your confidence, and to theRead MoreThe Good Posture And An Eloquent Speech1298 Words   |  6 Pagesall the difference. Likewise, introducing quotas for CEO s may have unintentionally negative consequences, such as resulting in tokenism. One potential solution was touched upon however—teach those who do not fit the stereotype of a CEO exhibit the self-confidence and sense of power of that of a CEO. Analysis The article first describes a potential analogue in the animal kingdom that somewhat mirrors our own society. The author describes how in the gorilla society, power is maintained primarily byRead MoreSports Teams With Native American Mascots1667 Words   |  7 Pagesthey represent Native American Tribes and use names to respect the history of the tribal nation. Others would say that sports teams are just using those native titles to gain more fans. 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Thus the ultimate evaluation of Othello must be that, althoughRead MoreAlan Moores Watchmen As The Golden Age Of Superheroes In American Literature1418 Words   |  6 PagesThis panel essentially captures Rorschach’s character, his face covered and his hands resting in his pockets, giving the reader a sense of his cool yet dark demeanor stemming from a troubled past. Similarly, he stands tall in the panel, a metaphor that could interpreted as standing tall in the face of injustice knowing justice has been served on his own terms. His character is misunderstood and seen as cold-hearted. Often acting in such a harsh and volatile nature. However, this only highlights th eRead MoreImportance of Honor Guard1338 Words   |  6 Pages-Maurice Masterlinck. Being a volunteer member of a military base honor guard, there are numerous reasons that require full effort and dedication. It is important that we, ceremonial guardsmen, strive to stay true to the creed put forth for us. Respect, integrity, inspiration, professionalism and tradition are key to being an effective member of the honor guard. Millions of men and women have served in the armed forces before me and millions more will serve after. Some have paid the ultimate sacrifice;Read More Antigone Essay1031 Words   |  5 PagesHaemon. He proceeds cautiously when he gets into telling Creon to rethink his actions and lessen the punishment, but also shows respect and honor which is present when he says, â€Å"†¦nothing more precious to me in the world. What medal of honor brighter to his children than a father’s growing glory? Or a child’s to his proud father? Now don’t, please, be quite so single-minded, self-involved, or assume the world is wrong and you are right.† (Sophocles 785-790). When he says this, it shows how much his fatherRead MoreEssay about Tolstoys Three Hermits1648 Words   |  7 PagesTolstoy, nobility by birth, wrote installments of Anna Karenina. While writing Anna Karenina,† he became obsessed with the meaning and purpose of life. This led Tolstoy to compose the essay, My Confession, detailing his agonizing religious and moral self-examination, published in 1882. He devoted another three years to the discovery of the meaning and purpose of life. At the close of the seven years of only non-fiction essays, Tolstoy resumed writing and publishing fictional works. However, he didRead MoreWoman as a Hero Mulan1381 Words   |  6 Pagesof me, and to not uproot my family tree, keep my father standing tall† (Mulan) demonstrates Mulan’s desire to fit in with her accepted gender role in order to not disgrace her father or family. After Mulan’s disastrous session with the matchmaker, who told her that she is â€Å"no good for bearing sons† (Mulan) and that she is a disgrace to her family, the protagonist realizes that the Chinese female gender role does not harmonize with her own self image. In the song, â€Å"A Girl Worth Fighting For,† the soldiersRead MoreFeminine Oppression in The Yellow Wallpaper1589 Words   |  7 Pagesunnamed narrator, the characters in the story, and the many symbols that serve to confine the main character. They all work fluidly together to create a more tangible conclusion. A stand had to be made in order for women to achieve equality with men. Standing up to a man, however, was not permissible in nineteenth century America. This story epitomizes women slowly gaining trust and appreciation, even understanding. Now obsolete, the rest cure, was an infamous panacea for any psychological illness

Whitmans Song of Myself and The Nature of Life Essay

Whitmans Song of Myself and The Nature of Life Identifying the mystery of existence, Whitman writes Song of Myself, section six to question the nature of the life of man. He alludes to and confronts past answers to this query by utilizing as his central image the leaves of grass. In the Christian tradition, the Bible utilizes this image of grass to describe the lives of men. Isaiah, a prophet of God cries out, All men are like grass . . . and all their glory is like the flowers of the field. The grass withers and the flowers fall, . . . but the word of the Lord stands forever (Isaiah 40:6-8). The scriptural image of men as grass, the handkerchief of the Lord, places man in relation to God and establishes the transient,†¦show more content†¦Continuing the theme of hope, Whitman later describes grass as the flag of my disposition, out of hopeful green stuff woven, and then again as a child . . . the produced babe of vegetation. Grass then becomes an image of future hope, the future hope of man. Whitman continues to present the scriptural understanding of mens lives in order to respond and critique this image of man. He proceeds to refer to grass as the handkerchief of the Lord . . . bearing the owners name somewhere in the corners, that we may see and remark, and say Whose? Genesis 1:27 asserts God created man in his own image. This image of man as the handkerchief of the Lord alludes to the biblical understanding that men are made in the image of God, bearing his mark so that man may ask Whose? and be directed to know and choose God. Whitman answers this Biblical understanding in the next image of grass sprouting alike in broad and narrow zones. This line refers to the scripture Matthew 7:13-14, Enter through the narrow gate. For wide is the gate and broad is the road that leads to destruction, and many enter through it. But small is the gate and narrow is the road that leads to life, and only a few find it. This scripture indicates that man must choose a God s path or face destruction. Whitman instead insists that grass or life, sprouts equally well in any path and in any people. He goes on to claim the smallest sprout shows thereShow MoreRelatedResist Much, Obey Little1375 Words   |  6 Pagesprevious ones. The novel, inclusive of his widely recognized poem â€Å"Song of Myself†, composed of fifty-two sections, is considered an American landmark in literature. The collection offers profound, universal ideas dealing with significant transcendental concepts such as self-love, nonconformity within a society, the ideas that God exists within everything and beyond, and that true comprehension of life involves true appreciation of nature. Prior to his rapid gain of literary recognition, Whitman volunteeredRead MoreWalt Whitman Poetry Essay1685 Words   |  7 PagesWhitman’s Contribution to American Identity Walt Whitman’s portfolio of poetry was a crucial staple in the American identity. Whitman used his poetry to contribute to the evolution of self-reliance, human freedom and concepts of democracy. These influences can be seen throughout all of his poems, but more relevantly in â€Å"Song of Myself†, â€Å"For You O Democracy† and in â€Å"Live Oak, with Moss†. After analyzing these works thoroughly, Whitman has undeniably aided in the development of American identityRead MoreComparing Emersons Writings with Whitmans Writings659 Words   |  3 PagesWhitman A commonality when comparing Emerson’s writings with Whitman’s writings are the use of the ideas Emerson came up with integrated and used in Whitman’s writing. It is clear that Emerson’s writing were a set of instructions for the Transcendentalist movement in addition to a lifestyle to try and attain or rise up to for society. Emerson give guidelines and ideas on how people should function in society largely based off of nature and its natural occurrence and set order. When Whitman startsRead MoreTranscendentalism In Walt Whitmans A Song Of Myself1073 Words   |  5 Pagespoem, â€Å"A Song of Myself†, Whitman truly heralded a new brand of American exceptionalism. He championed the individual and created a work that exemplified the common man as the pillar of the American dream. Yet he also explained that Americans are what make up the county and the culture. The country could not be as great as it is without the people it contains and the incredib ly resilient spirit that is present throughout every American inhabitant. In the fifteenth stanza of â€Å"A Song of Myself†, Whitman’sRead MoreWalt Whitman Song of Myself1260 Words   |  6 Pages20th, 2012 It’s Only Natural: Racial and Gender Equality in Walt Whitman’s â€Å"Song of Myself† In the opening line of Walt Whitman’s â€Å"Song of Myself,† it becomes immediately evident that his song is not about himself, but about the entire human race: â€Å"I celebrate myself, and sing myself, and what I assume you shall assume, / for every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you†. His poem extols the mundane aspects of everyday life that a traditional poet of his day would not have considered worthyRead MoreThe Song Of Myself By Walt Whitman And Howl1353 Words   |  6 PagesBoth â€Å"Song of Myself† by Walt Whitman and â€Å"Howl† by Allen Ginsberg are important pieces of American poetry. â€Å"Song of Myself† was written in the 1850’s and â€Å"Howl† was written about a century later. Both poets were part of groups that wanted to change America – the Transcendentalists and the Beats. Transcendentalists believed in the goodness of people and nature. They believe that people are at their best when they are truly independent. The Beats rejected standard values and materialism. They experimentedRead More walt whitman Essay1383 Words   |  6 PagesWhitman was a follower of the two Transcendentalist Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau. He believed in Emerson and Thoreau’s Trascendentalist beliefs. Whitman believed that individualism stems from listening to one’s inner voice and that one’s life is guided by one’s intuition. The Transcendentalist centered on the divinity of each individual; but this divinity could be self-discovered only if the person had the independence of mind to do so. Whitman lent himself to this concept of independenceRead MoreWilliam Blake s The Tyger And Walt Whitman s Poetry841 Words   |  4 Pagesdeal with the philosophies of human nature are William Blake’s â€Å"The Tyger† and Walt Whitman’s â€Å"Song of Myself.† Blake’s poem is based off the Romantics and Walt Whitman is an American Naturalist that is based off free verse a form that he created. William Blake’s poetry is considered through the Romantics era and they access through the sublime. The Romantics poetry through the sublime is beyond comprehension and spiritual fullness. A major common theme is a nature (agnostic religion). In William Blake’sRead MoreWalt Whitmans Influences1411 Words   |  6 PagesWalt Whitman’s influence to American Literary History After the Civil War, Walt Whitman realized that the American people were in need of their own identity. Therefore, he wrote the book â€Å"Leaves of Grass† with the goal of creating a literature piece that was authentic and organic to the United States in every sense. Whitman introduced to literature the idea of the â€Å"American Dream† and highlighted how important it was for the American people to develop their own identity. Consequently, he rejectedRead MoreAnalysis Of Song Of Myself By Walt Whitman1451 Words   |  6 Pagesthe mundane .With an emphasis on oneness with nature, Whitman’s celebratory attitude of the human soul in all of its complexity, beauty, and contradictions is most noted in his extensive poem titled â€Å"Song of Myself†, and is developed further in his poem â€Å"Kosmos†. Moreover, Whitman pioneers the future of modern poetry while incorporating his perspective of what it means to be human. With the basis of transcendentalism resting in the belief that human nature is essentially good; the tenets of this new

Alkylation agents as Chemotherapeutic agents Free Essays

Chemotherapy simply means the use of chemicals to treat disease by destroying microorganism or cancerous or tumor cells. Generally, chemotherapy acts by destroying rapidly dividing cells although the mechanism that leads to this differs. Several divisions of chemotherapy agents exist such as the anti-metabolites, plant alkaloids the topoisomerase inhibitors, anthracyclines and alkylation agents which are discussed in this paper. We will write a custom essay sample on Alkylation agents as Chemotherapeutic agents or any similar topic only for you Order Now Generally, alkylation agents work by addition of alkyl groups to the guanine of DNA molecule at number 7 atom of imidazole group (Siddik, 2002). Alkylation agent’s significance The name originates from their ability to alkylate several nuclophilic functional categories in certain cellular conditions . Examples of alkylation agents are carboplatin, oxaliplatin and cisplatin that work by covalent bond formation with specific carboxyl, sulphurhydril and phosphate groups in molecules of biological importance (Siddik, 2002). These are regarded as platinum-based alkylation agents. These platinum based alkylation agent are divided into first, second and third generations made up of cisplatin,caboplatin and oxaliplatin respectively. They found important use in treatment of mesothelioma . They work at all stage of cell cycle and impair cellular DNA synthesis as well as transcption (Siddik, 2002). Cisplatin is used to treat lung and testicular cancers. Other alkylation agents include chlorambucil, mechlorethamine, ifosfamide and cyclophosphamide as well as procarbazine and bulsulphan. Alkylation agents are effective at all stage of cell cycle making them useful in treating wide range of cancer especially the slow growing ones like solid tumor and leukemia (Pizzo Poplack, 2006) All share biochemical mechanism although they may differ in their clinical effects. The significance of alkylation agents is not only seen in treatment of leukemia, lymphomas and solid tumors. They are also found significant in the treatment of non neoplastic conditions such as cyclophosphamide use in treatment of autoimmune disease . Pulse dose cyclophosphamide is used in lupus nephritis and other conditions like Wegener’s granulomatosis, multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis (Siddik, 2002). They are not however free of side effects especially after prolonged use and these include amenorrhea (cessation of menses), oligospermia (reduction in sperm count) as well as secondary cancers such as acute myelogenous leukemia (Pizzo Poplack, 2006). General classification of alkylating chemotherapeutic agents ? Non-specifically acting agents: They crosslink guanine nucleobases present in double helix of DNA and by so doing stop tumor proliferation. ? Agents that need activation : This includes cyclophosphamide which needs in-vovo conversion to active product ? Biakylating and Monoakylating agents: The biakylating agents are capable of reacting with two 7-N guanine residues. When these residues are in different DNA strands, there is resulting crosslinkage of DNA strands and this makes DNA double helix to fail to uncoil (Siddik, 2002). However, when the two guanine moieties are in same base strands, what occurs is known as limpet association of DNA to the drug molecule. Example of biakylating agent is Bulsuphan . On the contrary, monoakylating agents are only capable of reacting with one 7-N of guanine molecule. ? Classical alkylation agents: These are termed alkyl groups and they include three subgroups which are: (a) the nitrogen mustards which include mephalan, ifosfamide, uramustine, chlorambucil, mechlorethamine and cyclophosphamide b) The nitrosoureas which are carmustine, streptozocin and lomustine c) the alkyl sulphonates such as bulsuphan. ? Alkylation-like agents: They lack alkyl group but destroy DNA. They are regarded as alkylation-like as they coordinate to DNA so as to interrupt DNA repair permanently. They are the platinum based drugs such as cisplatin,oxaliplatin and carboplatin. They also bind at N7 position of guanine (Siddik, 2002) ? The Non-classical: Certain categories are termed non-classical such as altremine and procarbazine. Furthermore, sometimes the platinum based drugs are also regarded as non-classical. Nitrogen Mustards The nitrogen mustards are a group of DNA alkylation agents which are not specific . They are cytotoxic and have similar qualities to mustard gas, hence utilized as medicinal and chemical warfare agents. Nitrogen mustards stockpiled by many countries in WW II serve as potent and useful blister agents. Nitrogen mustards suppress bone marrow production of red blood cells. The first nitrogen mustard developed was mustine with anti-neoplastic chemotherapeutic value. Other examples of alkylation agents in nitrogen mustard family are mephalan, cholambucil, cyclophosphamide, uramustine and ifosfomide (Siddik, 2002). The likes of Bis (2-chloroethyl) ethylamine and Tris (2-choloroethlamine) are few nitrogen mustards used in chemical warfare. Nitrogen mustard’s mode of action involves formation of aziridinium or cyclic aminium ion when the amine nitrogen displaces chloride at intermolecular level. This is then followed by alkylation of DNA centers by the azidirium group (Siddik, 2002). Malfunctioning of alkylation DNA is usual during replication (Pizzo Poplack, 2006). They prevent cell division and by so doing cause abnormal base pairing. Also it is possible that more than a single alkylation groups may exist in each molecule . In order words, these therapeutically useful alkylation agents are either bialkylating or polyalkylating agents (Siddik, 2002). The damaging effect is comparable to that which is seen with exposure of genetic material to radiation making it radiometric. Earlier, nitrogen mustards have been shown to form interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) and this formation takes place between N-7 of guanine residue in a 5†²-d (GC) sequence, although it was later discovered that nitrogen mustards form a 1,3 Interstrand crosslinks in the 5†²-d (GNC) sequence (Siddik, 2002). For instance, cyclophosphamide (cytophosphane), a nitrogen mustard arise from oxazophorine group and exhibits their chemotherapeutic effects by its nitrogen mustard metabolite,phosphoramide which form both interstrand and intrastrand crosslinkages at N-7 position of guanine molecule causing cell death. Cyclophosphamide metabolite is usually produced in cell with low amount of ALDH. References Pizzo, P. A Poplack, D. G. (2006). Principles and practice of pediatric oncology. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. pp. 310-320. Siddik, Z. H (2002)Mechanism of action of Cancer chemotherapeutic agents; DNA-Interactive alkylation agents and Antitumor platinum based Drugs. Retrieved On August 15,2010 from http://webcache. googleusercontent. com/search? q=cache:brnWwlXCLnIJ:hasdl. kau. edu. sa/encyclopedia/2/h6%2520archive/17. pdf+Mechanisms+of+Action+of+Cancer+Chemotherapeutic+Agents:+DNA-Interactive+Alkylating+Agents+and+Antitumour+Platinum-Based+Drugs+by+Zahid+H. +Siddikcd=1hl=enct=clnk How to cite Alkylation agents as Chemotherapeutic agents, Papers

Indication of business organization

Question : Dissus about the Indication of business organization? Answer : Indication of business organization: Bar on the go is a partnership business that is focusing on to provide top-notch bar services for enhancing the popularity in the market. The company focuses four prime factors associated with the businesses for the effective fulfilment of the objectives of the business plan. Bar on the go has focuses on the effective division of the cost associated with the starting of the businesses. For that reason, the organization has tried to influence several investors to cover up the entire cost associated with the start-up. As Bar on the go is a partnership business, it has tried to segregate the entire risks to all the parties equally so that effectiveness of the operational process remains intact. The business of the organization is focused towards the young working individuals in Toronto, as events have become an integral part of their daily lives. Marketing plan: Offered products and services: Bar on the go focuses on providing superior quality of spirits for enhancing the satisfaction level of the customers. In fact, Bar on the go is trying to include different types of foreign popular alcoholic beverage brands in order to provide more varieties to the customers. Furthermore, the organization is also focusing on to provide entire planning solutions for the private parties and wedding ceremonies. In fact, the organization is also looking to provide multiple bar solutions to create appropriate atmospheres in the private parties. It also has tried to develop new speciality drinks for achieving sustainable growth in the market. 4Ps of marketing: Product: It can be assessed that Bar on the go is looking to utilize both products and services for creating popularity in the market. For instance, it has tried to provide speciality drinks so that it can have impact on the popularity level in the market. It has also focuses on to provide multiple bars for the private parties so that people can enjoy at the fullest (Goi, 2015). Price: As per the article by Cameron et al. (2015) price plays a crucial role in fulfilling all the objectives of the organization in an appropriate way. Now, Bar on the go has several competitors namely BartenderOne, Hire a Bartender. For that reason, Bar on the go is focusing on to utilize cost effective pricing strategies in order to gain competitive advantage in the market. The cost effective pricing strategy will allow the organization to target people belongs to different income group. Now, in order to maintain the price level below from the competitors, Bar on the go will try to evaluate the market situation in continues way. Promotion: As Bar on the go is dealing in extremely competitive business environment, it will have to focus on the effective utilization of promotional techniques. For that reason, Bar on the go will look to utilize print media and social media platforms to reach to the potential customers in an appropriate manner. In case of print media, Bar on the go will focus on newspapers and business magazines to reach to the potential customers in an appropriate manner (Festa et al., 2016). On the other hand, Bar on the go will try to utilize picture and gripping blogs to grab the attention of the customers. The organization will consciously try to develop all the promotional campaigns for the young people, as they are the prime target for the organization (Hatten, 2015). For that reason, Bar on the go will also try to utilize radio for creating expected impact on the target customers. Place: As highlighted by Mullins (2012) place or location is key for achieving susses in the competitive business environment. For that reason, Bar on the go has only focuses on Toronto for achieving maximum impact on the businesses. It will also tried to evaluate the number of private parties have been arranged in the selected places for the past few years in order to have an idea regarding the future demand that the company might have face in near future. Operation plan: As highlighted by Krajewski, Ritzman Malhotra (2013) effective utilization of operational plan is necessary for fulfilling all the business objectives in an appropriate manner. Now, Bar on the go is not only focusing on providing superior quality of alcoholic beverages to the customers but also trying to provide superior quality of the entertainment services in order to achieve sustainable growth of the market. Therefore, the operational plan of Bar on the go focuses on effective development of two divisions including products department and entertainment departments in order to fulfil all the requirement process of the organization (Khalili et al., 2013). Furthermore, Bar on the go is looking only to recruit people with more than 15 years of experience so that all the requirements of the operational plan can be completed effectively. Bar on the go will also look to develop strong relationship with alcoholic beverage product distributors in order to reduce the cost of the operationa l process (Webber Hanna, 2014). The operational plan of the organization will also look to develop capability of providing entertainment to more than 100 peoples at a time. Therefore, it is only trying to include bartenders with optimum knowledge and skills to handle customers in an appropriate way. Apart from the bartenders, Bar on the go will also look to develop strategies to ensure that no events have to suffer from lack of alcoholic beverage items. It has also recruited people with different types of entertainment skills so that people in the parties can spend quality time (Burian Francis, 2013). Now, providing proper entertainment will not only increase satisfaction level of the customers but also will provide competitive advantage in the market. As the organization is looking to conduct the businesses in the prime areas of Toronto, operational process of the organization also needs to provide specific budget so that all the requirements can be completed in an appropriate manner (Mendibil et al., 2013). Financial plan: Financial situation for the 1st year Pro Forma Income Statement for Bar on the Go Amount (in $) (Debit) Amount (in $) (Credit) Revenue 10000 Closing stock 1700 Purchase of materials 4100 Carriage inward 700 Gross Income 6900 Salaries to the staffs 1700 Purchase of stationeries 300 Purchase of decoration materials 1100 Cost of foods 1000 Electricity charges 470 Other expenses 700 Net income 1630 (Source: As created by the author) Pro Forma Balance Sheet for Bar on the Go Amount (in $) Amount (in $) Assets: Fixed assets: Furniture 2700 Machineries 1400 Total fixed assets 4100 Current assets: Debtors 970 Cash in hand 1470 Closing stock 1700 Total current assets 4140 Total assets 8240 Liabilities: Long term liabilities: Long term bank loan 2100 Current liabilities: Creditors 1040 Bank overdraft 370 Total liabilities 3510 Owner's capital: Capital 4400 Reserve 330 Total Owner's capital 4730 (Source: As created by the author) Pro Forma Cash Flow Statement for Bar on the Go Income from the operations 1630 Cash flow from operating activities: Add: Increase in current liabilities 870 Less: Increase in current assets 510 Total cash from operating activities 1990 Cash flow from investing activities: Purchase of new furniture -1000 Sale of old furniture 440 Total cash from investing activities -560 Cash flow from financing activities: Bank loan taken 1000 Capital provided by the owner 500 Total cash from financing activities 1500 Net cash inflow 2930 (Source: As created by the author) Financial situation for the 2nd year Pro Forma Income Statement for Bar on the Go Revenue 12400 Closing stock 1400 Purchase of materials 3990 Carriage inward 700 Gross Income 9110 Salaries to the staffs 1700 Purchase of stationeries 270 Purchase of decoration materials 1300 Cost of foods 1400 Electricity charges 470 Other expenses 600 Net income 3370 Pro Forma Balance Sheet for Bar on the Go Amount (in $) Amount (in $) Assets: Fixed assets: Furniture 2800 Machineries 1600 Total fixed assets 4400 Current assets: Debtors 1370 Cash in hand 1700 Closing stock 1400 Total current assets 4470 Total assets 8870 Liabilities: Long term liabilities: Long term bank loan 1900 Current liabilities: Creditors 1190 Bank overdraft 700 Total liabilities 3790 Owners capital: Capital 4400 Reserve 680 Total Owners capital 5080 The projected financial statements are showing that at the end of the second year, the company will be able to increase its income level. At the same time, the net cash inflow of the company will also grow up. These indicate that the financial position of the company will be stable and in increasing trend. Calculating the breakeven point Total fixed cost of the company = $9000 Variable cost of the company = $170 Sales per unit = $360 Contribution per unit = $360 - $170 = $190 Therefore, Break-even point = $9000 / $190 = 47.36 units The above calculation is showing that the company will need to produce at least 47.36 units to avoid loss in business. At this point, the company will be at no profit and no loss zone and it will be able to cover up its fixed costs. Calculating the payback period: Initial investment = $7000 Cash flow in the 1st year = $2930 Cash flow in the 2nd year = $3220 Average cash inflows = $3075 Payback period = $7000 / $3075 = 2.27 years The above calculated payback period is indicating that the company will be able to regain its initial investment after 2.27 years. This is also indicating that the financial performance of the company will be good. Future plans for the businesses: As highlighted by Bryman and Bell (2015) development of future-plans allow organizations to move towards a particular direction. Presently, business plan of Bar on the go is only focusing on Toronto market to provide bar planning services. Therefore, it is necessary for the organization to look for business expansion in future in order to achieve sustainable growth in the market. Targeting bigger market will allow the organization to increase the revenue level in an appropriate way. Future-plans of the organization will also have to include more focus on the promotional perspectives. Therefore, it needs to utilize different promotional tools like television and direct marketing campaign in order to increase the popularity level in the market (Hollensen, 2015). Bar on the go will also focus on enhancing the capability in terms of resources so that it can able to handle more than 200 people in a single event. Strategic risk analysis and backup plans: As highlighted by Lee, Song and Lee (2016) proper utilization of risk management procedure allows organizations to reduce risks associated with the businesses. Now, in order to establish business in Toronto area, Bar on the go has to invest certain amount to ensure that all the requirements of the operational process can be completed in an effective manner. Thus, it also increases the risk level associated with the businesses. For instance, Bar on the go is presently looking to conduct private parties for the young people to gain popularity in the market. However, if the present business plan cannot able to create desired impact on the market; it will try to conduct parties for the corporate houses as well. Furthermore, it will also have to focus on to invest more on the effective utilization of the promotional campaign to grab the attention of the potential customers (Mariotti Glackin, 2014). Furthermore, as Bar on the go is looking to include employees with more than 15 years of e xperience, it will have to focus on the effective development of work culture. Otherwise, it will become very difficult for the organization to manage employees for longer period of time. References: Bullock, J. R. (2014). How to Achieve Success After the Bar Exam: A Step-by-Step Action Plan. Burian, P. E., Francis, R. (2013). Operations strategy: a broader view of threading the vision to the customer.The International Business Economics Research Journal (Online),12(12), 1513. Cameron, G. D., Gryka, R. J., Simpson, D. S., Chen, A. M. (2015). Standards 2016: Raising the Bar at Cedarville University. Festa, G., Cuomo, M. T., Metallo, G., Festa, A. (2016). The (r) evolution of wine marketing mix: From the 4Ps to the 4Es.Journal of Business Research,69(5), 1550-1555. Goi, C. L. (2015). Marketing Mix: A review of'P'.The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce,2005. Hatten, T. S. (2015).Small business management: Entrepreneurship and beyond. Nelson Education. Hollensen, S. (2015).Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Khalili Shavarini, S., Salimian, H., Nazemi, J., Alborzi, M. (2013). Operations strategy and business strategy alignment model (case of Iranian industries).International Journal of Operations Production Management,33(9), 1108-1130. Krajewski, L. J., Ritzman, L. P., Malhotra, M. K. (2013).Operations management: processes and supply chains. New York: Pearson. Lee, S. A., Song, S. H., Lee, S. M. (2016). Influence of Perceived Service Clues on Experienced Value, Trust, and Loyalty of Franchise Snack Bar: Focused on Busan Area.The Korean Journal of Culinary Research,22(1), 1-8. Mariotti, S., Glackin, C. (2014).Entrepreneurship and small business management. Pearson Higher Ed. Mendibil, K., Rudberg, M., Baines, T., Errasti, A. (2013). Operations Strategy and Deployment.Global Production Networks: Operations Design and Management, 61. Mullins, J. (2012).The new business road test: What entrepreneurs and executives should do before writing a business plan. Pearson UK.